Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Davis, David E. Author-X-Name-First: David E. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Email: david.davis@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, South Dakota State University Author-Name: Huang, Rui Author-X-Name-First: Rui Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Author-Workplace-Name: US Department of Justice Title: The Effect of SNAP Benefits for Food Insecurity Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits for food insecurity. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) temporarily increased SNAP benefits. We use that increase as a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of endogenous SNAP benefits. We estimate models of food insecurity with linear two-stage least squares and non-linear instrumental variable (IV) probit. Results suggest that a per person SNAP dollar decreases food insecurity by 0.4% to 0.9%. However, effects are nonlinear. The probability of food insecurity is highest, and marginal effects are largest, when benefit amounts are small. Length: 3 pages Creation-Date: 2015-12 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/snapFIdraft_15_12_29.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2015 Number: 15001 Classification-JEL: I18, Q18 D12, H51 Keywords: SNAP, food assistance, food insecurity, natural experiment, Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:15001 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Davis, David E. Author-X-Name-First: David E. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Email: david.davis@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, South Dakota State University Author-Name: Huang, Rui Author-X-Name-First: Rui Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Bates White LLC Title: The Real Effect of SNAP Benefits for Food Insecurity Abstract:This research investigates the effect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits (SNAP, formerly known as the Food Stamp program) for food insecurity. SNAP provides benefits to qualifying households for purchasing food. Some have suggested that SNAP benefits may be less effective in some areas because of geographic differences in food prices (Leibtag, 2007; Nord and Hopwood, 2007). We include food prices in our analysis to control for price differences. We find that holding food prices constant, an additional SNAP dollar per-capita reduces the probability of food insecurity by about 0.5 percent. However, we find that marginal effects vary with the level of benefit received and that marginal effects are largest at low benefit levels. Furthermore, we find that even though household incomes are higher when benefits are low, the probability of food insecurity is larger than when benefits are higher. Higher food prices decrease the purchasing power of SNAP benefits, reducing food security. Length: 38 pages Creation-Date: 2013-09 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/The_Real_Effect_of_Food_Stamp_Benefits_e.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/TheRealEffectofFoodStampBenefits.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Revised 2nd version, 2014 Number: 13001 Classification-JEL: L11, L13, I18, D12 Keywords: SNAP, food assistance, food prices Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:13001 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Davis, David E. Author-X-Name-First: David E. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Email: david.davis@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, South Dakota State University Title: Price and promotion effects of supermarket mergers Abstract: I use a unique data set of retail food prices to analyze mergers between supermarket chains. The data allow for an examination of the effects of mergers on prices, the frequency of promotions, and the depth of promotions. I find that increases in a chain’s share of the total US food sales are associated with price decreases, suggesting that supermarkets enjoy economies of scale and/or benefit from an improved bargaining position relative to their suppliers after a merger. I also find that mergers are associated with decreases in the frequency and depth of price-promotions. Length: 33 pages Creation-Date: 2009-09 Revision-Date: 2010-06 Publication-Status: Published in Journal of Food and Agricultural Industrial Organization, Vol. 8 (2010) Prices, Promotions, and Supermarket Mergers File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/SupermarketmergersSept09.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2009 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/Supermarketmergers_June10.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Revised version, 2009 File-Format: Application/pdf File-URL: http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jafio.2010.8.1/issue-files/jafio.2010.8.issue-1.xml File-Format: text/html File-Function: Journal download link Number: 12009 Classification-JEL: L11, L81, D4 Keywords: Food prices, supermarket, merger, price discrimination Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:12009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Jing Li Author-X-Name-First: Jing Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Email: Jing.Li@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, South Dakota State University Author-Name: Junsoo Lee Author-X-Name-First: Junsoo Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Finance, and Legal Studies, University of Alabama Title: ADL tests for threshold cointegration Abstract: In this paper, we propose new tests for threshold cointegration in the autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model. The indicators in the threshold model are based on either a nonstationary or stationary threshold variable. The cointegrating vector in this paper is not pre-specied. We adopt a supremum Wald type test to account for the so-called Davies problem. Theasymptotic null distributions of the proposed tests are free of nuisance parameters. As such, a bootstrap procedure is not required and critical values of the proposed tests are tabulated. A Monte Carlo experiment shows a good finite-sample performance of the proposed tests. Length: 35 pages Creation-Date: 2009-04 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/ADL_Threshold_April_2009.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Number: 22009 Classification-JEL: C12, C15, C32 Keywords: Econometric Theory, Time Series Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:22009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Chiang-Ming Chen Author-X-Name-First:Chian-Ming Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Email:ming@ncnu.edu.tw Author-Workplace-Name:Department of Economics, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan Author-Name: Kuo-Liang Chang Author-X-Name-First:Kuo-Liang Author-X-Name-Last:Chang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, South Dakota State University Title: Estimating the Stochastic Sickness Effect on Employment, Worktime and Saving Decisions Abstract: This paper aims to study labor supply and saving decisions as a result of health uncertainty. O’Donnell (1995) suggested a theoretical positive relationship between working hours (or saving rate) and the perceived health uncertainty. That is, for risk-averse individuals, there exists a precaution motion to work harder and save more when facing the uncertainty for the health condition. We test this hypothetical relationship by applying the 2003-2005 data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) in Taiwan. Following Hughes and Maguire’s approach (2003), our estimation result indicates that a stochastic sickness has positive effects on the decisions of working time and saving rate. Length: 20 pages Creation-Date: 2009-09 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/healthuncertaintyandlaborinput200803.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Number: 32009 Classification-JEL: D14; I12; J22 Keywords: Health, Uncertainty, Labor Supply, Saving Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:32009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kuo-Liang Matt Chang Author-X-Name-First:Kuo-Liang Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Chang Author-Email:Kuo-Liang.Chang@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name:Department of Economics,South Dakota State University Author-Name:Todd A. Lone Author-X-Name-First:Todd A. Author-X-Name-Last: Lone Author-Email:tlone@csufresno.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics, Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, California State University, Fresno Title: The Efficiency of Labor Input in the Tree Nut Growers Industry: A Stochastic Frontier Production Approach Study in Butte County, California Abstract: This paper aims to examine the contribution of the labor input to agricultural production efficiency. If an increase in numbers of labor does not increase production efficiency, we should have reason to question the current quantity-oriented labor policies in terms of solving the labor shortage issue. In addition, we want to examine the marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS) between the labor input and other inputs. The MRTS will provide a clear idea of how labor can be replaced with other inputs without losing total production. Finally, the influence of farm labor on economies of scale and economies of scope will also be discussed. We will investigate whether the scale and size of the farm has a significant role in determining production efficiency for our target farmers. Length: 21 pages Creation-Date: 2009-09 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/laborefficiencypaperforAgribusiness.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Number: 42009 Classification-JEL: J43,Q12 Keywords: Labor, Stochastic Frontier Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:42009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David E. Davis Author-X-Name-First:David Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Email:David.Davis@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name:Department of Economics,South Dakota State University Title: Bidding for WIC infant formula contracts: Do non-WIC customers subsidize WIC customers? Abstract: Although the WIC food assistance program purchases over one-half of all US infant formula, I find the program has little impact on the prices paid by non-WIC customers. I estimate infant-formula marginal cost and find that it is low compared to price, implying large price-cost markups. But, the WIC program is not to blame. Instead large price-cost markups are likely due to customer’s price insensitivity. WIC’s impact on non-WIC customers comes through an increase in sales owing to a WIC ―spill-over‖ effect. The WIC approved brand attains a prominence in the market that makes it a natural choice for non-WIC customers, which makes attaining WIC approval valuable to firms. Firms bid with rebates to attain exclusive WIC approved status which results in significant reductions in the cost of infant formula to the US government. Length:43 pages Creation-Date: 2009-10 Revision-Date: 2011-01 Revision-Date: 2011-12 Publication-Status: Published in American Journal of Agricultural Economics, January 2012, pages 80-96 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/ajae/aar086 File-Format: text/html File-Function: Published version File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/WICMarkupsCompletePaper.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online using the link above. File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/WICMarkups_Jan_2011WP.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Revised version File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/WICMarkups_Oct09.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Original version Number: 52009 Classification-JEL: L11, L13, I18, D12 Keywords: Price cost margins, WIC, Oligopoly, Food Assistance, Infant Formula, auctions, contracts Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:52009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David E. Davis Author-X-Name-First:David E. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Email:David.Davis@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name:Department of Economics,South Dakota State University Title: Does Top of the Market Pricing Facilitate Oligopsony Coordination? Abstract: This paper suggests how a particular vertical arrangement, Top of the Market Pricing (TOMP), can have horizontal anti-competitive effects. The theory is also applicable to other vertical arrangements in use in the fed cattle market. The theory changes the theoretical backdrop for examining captive supplies. Until now, a negative correlation between prices and captive supplies was theorized to result from a reduction in bidding aggressiveness on behalf of packers. The theory presented suggests why bidders maybe less aggressively when captive supplies are high. Furthermore, it eliminates debates over the appropriate time span over which to define captive supplies and whether feedlots or packers control delivery. Delivery control and delivery timing matter in the theory above only in the respect that packers must know cattle are committed prior to price being determined. In short, this theory represents a dramatically new way to examine the theoretical consequences of captive supplies. Length: pages 9 pages Creation-Date: 2000-08 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/OligopsonyDiscPaper.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Original version Number: 12000 Classification-JEL: L11, L13, Q13 Keywords: Captive supply, Oligopsony, cattle markets, grid pricing Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:12000 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David E. Davis Author-X-Name-First:David E. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Email:David.Davis@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name:Department of Economics,South Dakota State University Title: WIC Infant Formula Rebate Database: Description, Data, and State-Alliance Key Abstract: These files provide a database of rebate bids made by infant formula manufacturers to state WIC agencies. The database was constructed by compiling bids from a number of sources. Every effort was made to assure the accuracy of bids. There are three files. The first documents the contents of the database. The second is the database, and the third is a key of multi-state alliances. Length: pages 10 pages Creation-Date: 2008-09 Revision-Date: 2016-05 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/Databse Description_2016.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Revised version File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/WICInfantFormulaRebateHistory_2016.csv File-Format: text/plain File-Function: Updated Data set 2016 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/WICDatabseDescription.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Original version File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/WICInfantFormulaRebateHistory.csv File-Format: text/plain File-Function: Data set File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/WICMulti-StateCoalitions.csv File-Format: text/plain File-Function: supplementary information Number: 12008 Classification-JEL:L11, L13, I18, D12 Keywords: WIC, Food Assistance, Infant Formula, auctions, contracts Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:12008 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Diersen, Matthew A. Author-X-Name-First:Matthew A. Author-X-Name-Last: Diersen Author-Email:matthew.diersen@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name:Department of Economics,South Dakota State University Title: Hay Price Forecasts at the State Level Abstract: Higher prices for major crops (e.g., corn, soybeans and wheat) have received considerable attention by analysts, researchers, and producers. A common perception is that acres can be readily bid away from other crops to quickly return to equilibrium price levels. Seldom mentioned are crops that do not trade on a national platform. Principal among these crops probably would be hay from alfalfa and grass. A balance sheet model is developed at the state level for South Dakota. As a state with typically large carryover stocks of hay and multiple markets served, South Dakota presents a stark contrast to states with more stable production, supply, and use. Several structural relations and equations are presented to forecast acres, supply, and price through an inverse demand function. A discussion follows on how to update the price forecast as additional information is obtained. Suggestions are also offered on extending the model to other states. Length: pages 17 pages Creation-Date: 2008-04 File-URL: http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/37600/2/confp05-08.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Original version Number: 22008 Classification-JEL:Q11 Keywords: alfalfa price, feed demand, perennial crop, hay stocks Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:22008 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Davis, David E. Author-X-Name-First:David E. Author-X-Name-Last: davis Author-Email:david.davis@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name:Department of Economics,South Dakota State University Title:Buyer Alliances as Countervailing Power in WIC Infant-Formula Auctions Abstract: US government agencies in WIC infant-formula procurement auctions receive lower bids and final prices when they are in buyer’s alliances than when they are unallied. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) uses an auction to procure infant formula. Manufacturers bid on the right to be an agency’s sole supplier by offering a rebate on formula sold through WIC. This paper investigates whether bidders are more aggressive when buyers band together to jointly offer infant formula contracts. Results suggest that WIC agencies that band together to form an alliance receive stronger bids. Length: pages 24 pages Creation-Date: 2011-11 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/CountevailingPower.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Original version File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/14_5_28_a_3rdRevise_Bidding for Sole-Source Contracts.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Revised 2nd version Number: 12011 Classification-JEL: L13, D43, D44, Q18, I18 Keywords:auctions, food assistance, countervailing power, buyer concentration, oligopoly, WIC Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:12011 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Syed Imran Ali Meerza Author-X-Name-First:Syed Imran Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Meerza Author-Email:syedimranali.meerza@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name:Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Economics, South Dakota State University Title:Rural-Urban Migration and Its Consequences on Rural Children: An Empirical Study Abstract:Rural-urban adult migration, mainly adult male migration makes heavy demand on all family members, but especially on children who are left behind in rural area to shoulder the responsibility of agriculture production and food security. Labor shortage due to rural-urban adult migration may mean that children in rural area often have to face tighter time schedules and patterns of time use and human energy inputs required in agriculture production. The study revealed the impact of rural-urban migration on rural children. In the study, sample was restricted to households that own and/or operate agricultural land in rural area. A purposive sampling was adopted to select villages and covered 500 sample households. The study was based on link between rural-urban migration of adult persons and child labor in rural area. The empirical result showed that an additional rural migrant of a household increases the probability of having child worker in that household by approximately 51%. However, it was found that children of migrant households receive less preventive health care in their infancy. The study also showed that an additional adult worker of a household increases the probability of having child worker in that household by 29%. For this reason, this study supports the hypothesis that children are the last economic resource of a household. Publication-Status: Published in Asian Social Science Length:6 pages Creation-Date: 2010-12 File-URL: http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/view/6414 File-Format: text/html File-Function: Journal download link Number: 12010 Keywords:Rural-urban migration, Child farm labor, Child activities, Health input Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:12010 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Syed Imran Ali Meerza Author-X-Name-First:Syed Imran Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Meerza Author-Email:syedimranali.meerza@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name:Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Economics, South Dakota State University Author-Name: Biswajit Bacher Author-X-Name-First:Biswajit Author-X-Name-Last: Bacher Title:Socio-economic Condition of Child Worker of Bangladesh in Their Adulthood: An Econometric Analysis Abstract:This study has mainly focused on the current socio-economic condition of those people who were child labor in their childhood. In this study, economic indicators are income and employment status. On the other hand, level of education, health status and role in case of decision making in the society are studied as social indicators. According to this study, socio-economic condition of child workers in their adulthood is not very satisfactory. In this research work, we have used Linear Probability Model (LPM) and Weighted Least Square (WLS) regression analysis to make comparison of current socio-economic status between people who were child labor in their childhood and those who were not child worker in past. We have found that person who was not child worker in early stage of his/her life have higher probability to enjoy better socio-economic condition than that of person who worked as child worker in past. In fact, we have identified that a children who is working as a child worker has 0.61 or 61% probability to have low standard of living in his/her future life. Publication-Status: Published in Asian Social Science Length:6 pages Creation-Date: 2011-22 File-URL: http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/view/7353 File-Format: text/html File-Function: Journal download link Number: 22011 Keywords:Child labor, Socio-economic condition, Linear probability model Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:22011 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Syed Imran Ali Meerza Author-X-Name-First:Syed Imran Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Meerza Author-Email:syedimranali.meerza@sdstate.edu Author-Workplace-Name:Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Economics, South Dakota State University Title:Causal links between trade, foreign direct investment and economic growth for Bangladesh Abstract:This study investigates empirically the causal relationship between trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth of Bangladesh for the period of 1973 to 2008. To analyze this Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test are used. The cointegration analysis suggests that there is a long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The results of Granger causality test identifies that there is a causal relationship among the mentioned variables. According to the study, economic growth of Bangladesh leads both FDI and export growth and there is a unidirectional causal relationship between FDI and export with direction from export to FDI. Length:6 pages Creation-Date: 2012-01 File-URL: http://repec-sda.sdstate.edu/repec/sda/pdf/CausallinksbetweentradeFDIandEG.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: Original version Number: 12012 Keywords: gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, export, Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality Handle: RePEc:sda:workpa:12012